Footnotes: As the name suggest, footnotes are the references that occur at the bottom of page two double spaces below the text. The citation is made on the page where the reference occurs. This method is the most formal and is generally used for lengthy academic dissertations like masters dissertation, doctoral thesis or a book. The format of the footnotes differs from the works cites list in the following ways:

a) The author’s name occurs in the usual order, in contrast to the works cited where the surname proceeds the initial name.
b) The date place of publication are enclosed in a bracket and the reference is divided by commas.

Endnotes: Almost all the notes made in the Research paper or at the end of chapters of the thesisare endnotes. Endnotes appears at the end of the text, always on a new page numbered in sequence with the preceding page. They are best for shorter assignments like class assignments, coursework or term papers. To add endnotes to your research paper, align the title Notes at the center of the page one inch from the top. Enter the references used in the research paper in the format similar to the one used in footnotes.

Parenthetical References: Parenthetical references are citations made in a bracket in a research paper wherever the reference words, ideas or facts appear. The borrowed material used in writing a research paper needs to be cited right at the end of a quotation. It also helps the reader to find the bibliographic entry used in the paper. The citation in parenthesis is a shorthand of the bibliographic entry. The Format in which it is used is as follows:

1. If the paragraph containing the borrowed/reference material specifies the author’s name, the parenthesis will include, the name of the book and the page number separated by a comma.
2. If the paragraph containing the borrowed/reference material specifies the title of the work then the parenthesis will include, the name of the author(last name only) and the page number.
3. If the paragraph containing the borrowed/reference material specifies the author and the title of the work then the parenthesis will only include the page number.
4. The future reference to a similar work can have a short hand of the text.

Though the format of the bibliography and the in between source citation is different yet they share a similar purpose. The use of source citation in between the text refers to the bibliography which can be used by the readers of dissertations and research proposals for further details of the sources used.

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While typing the final draft of your thesis or dissertation on the computer, follow the given guidelines:

1. Font Style and Size: You must choose an easily readable type font. Times new Roman and arial are the most recommended. The advisable font size is 12 point.

2.Margins, spacing and Indentation: Format your pages and paragraphs before you begin writing. Leave one inch margin on all the four sides of the text, except for the page numbers which are half inch margined from below or bottom, as per the format. Some instructors might insist on one and half inch margin on the left.
Indentation is the space left before the beginning of a line or a sentence. The first word of each new paragraph is indented half an inch from the left margin. Quotations which are long are set off from the text and are indented one inch from the left margin.
Set your paragraph formatting to double line spacing. A research paper is double spaced throughout, including the paragraphs, quotations and bibliographic entries.

3. Turn off the justify and automatic hyphenation options.

4. Pagination: Turn on the automatic page numbering option in your word processor. Page numbers are written on the upper right-hand corner, half inch from the top and flush with the right margin. When writing a research paper it is essential to mention your last name before the page number as a precaution in case of misplaced pages. This can be omitted in case of a lengthy work like thesis which are bound.

One you have a final draft ready for print, you must keep the following guidelines in mind while printing, binding and submitting your research paper.

1. Quality and size of Paper: Use only white, thick and non erasable paper. The ideal size is 8-1/2-by-11 inch.

2. Quality of Printer: The quality of printer and the ink used in printing should be good. Pages printed with low quality printers and ink smudges easily and fades soon.

3. Presentation: The way you present your research paper depends entirely on your instructor. You may choose to bind your research paper to avoid getting the pages misplaced or lost. For more attractive finish you may use a plastic folder with a clip which can be easily removed and adjusted.

An effective presentation of your research increases the chances of your work being widely read as good presentation not only enhances aesthetic appeal of the text but also makes it legible and easily understandable. Proofread and correct your research paper for typos, spelling errors or other formatting problems which are not easily picked up on screen. We tend to skip many errors when we proofread our own writing, in such cases it is advisable to opt for excellent proofreading and editing services offered by custom writing UK.

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